There is limited data on the efficacy of surveillance in prevention of CRC development in MUTYH biallelic carriers.
Colorectal polyps
The majority of, but not all patients with a biallelic MUTYH mutation and CRC have polyps at presentation. The polyps include adenomas and serrated polyps. The risk of CRC does not appear to correlate with the number of polyps.r 29% of population-based biallelic MUTYH patients with CRC do not have co-existing adenomas.r Thus colonoscopy surveillance is suggested for patients with biallelic MUTYH mutations independent of the presence of polyps.
Colorectal cancer
The mean age of diagnosis of CRC in patients with biallelic MUTYH gene mutations is 48-53 yearsrr. In a recent study the risk of developing a primary or metachronous CRC within 5 years of follow-up was approximately 10%. The high risk of CRC development in patients under surveillance suggests an accelerated carcinogenesis mechanism. Thus regular colonoscopies and consideration for (sub)total colectomy are proposed.r
Duodenal polyposis and cancer
There are no studies to show the efficacy of gastrointestinal endoscopy in reducing the risk for duodenal cancer in MAP. There is an increased risk for duodenal polyps and cancer and surveillance has been recommended on the basis of the similarities of the MAP phenotype and attenuated FAP.r
Extraintestinal malignancies
Extraintestinal cancers have been described in patients with biallelic MUTYH gene mutationr but whether they are causally linked is debated. No specific surveillance is recommended for these. Cutaneous manifestations include sebaceous gland tumours, lipomas and malignant skin cancers. The data is not sufficient to determine the prevalence. It is recommended for at least an initial dermatological evaluation to detect sebaceous lesions that may require specific treatment and to educate patients to the possibility of an increased risk for skin tumours.r